What drives phenological synchrony? Warm springs advance and desynchronize flowering in oaks
Bogdziewicz, Michał (Centre de Recerca Ecològica i d'Aplicacions Forestals)
Szymkowiak, Jakub (Adam Mickiewicz University. Population Ecology Lab)
Bonal, Raul (Universidad de Extremadura. Grupo de Investigación Forestal)
Hacket-Pain, Andrew (University of Liverpool. Department of Geography and Planning)
Espelta Morral, Josep Maria (Centre de Recerca Ecològica i d'Aplicacions Forestals)
Pesendorfer, Mario (University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (Viena, Àustria). Department of Forest and Soil Sciences)
Gewling, L. (Adam Mickiewicz University. Department of Systematic and Environmental Botany)
Kasprzyk, I. (University of Rzeszow. Department of Environmental Monitoring)
Belmonte, Jordina (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals)
Kluska, k. (University of Rzeszow. Department of Environmental Monitoring)
De Linares Fernández, Concepción (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia)
Peñuelas, Josep (Centre de Recerca Ecològica i d'Aplicacions Forestals)
Fernández-Martínez, Marcos (Universiteit Antwerpen. Departement Biologie)

Data:	2020
Resum:	Annually variable and synchronous seed production, or masting, is often correlated with environmental factors and in oaks involves differential pollination success that depends on phenological synchrony in flowering. The synchronization of phenology of flowering was thought to be driven by temperature during flowering (microclimatic hypothesis). We tested an alternative, whereby phenological synchronization is driven by the timing of the onset of flowering (photoperiod-sensitivity hypothesis). This hypothesis assumes that flowering synchrony is driven by interaction between daylength and temperature, and individual variation in sensitivity to daylength as a phenological cue. We used long-term (23-26 years) records of airborne pollen in Quercus robur, Q. petraea, Q. ilex, and Q. humilis. Late pollen seasons were short, as predicted by photoperiod-sensitivity hypothesis. The onset of pollen seasons was delayed as preseason temperatures cooled over the last three decades at our Mediterranean sites, which was paralleled by shortening in pollen seasons, providing additional support for the photoperiod-sensitivity hypothesis. Global warming under the microclimatic hypothesis is predicted to lead to less frequent reproductive failures and thus decreased variability and synchrony of mast seeding. In contrast, warming under the photoperiod-sensitivity hypothesis should advance the onset of and desynchronize flowering, a pattern supported by our data. This pattern suggests that global warming will lead to more frequent vetoes and more stochastic and variable patterns of oak reproduction.
Ajuts:	European Commission 610028 Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad MDM2015-0552
Nota:	Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-M
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, i la comunicació pública de l'obra, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials, i sempre que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. No es permet la creació d'obres derivades.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió acceptada per publicar
Matèria:	Flowering onset ; Flowering synchrony ; Global warming ; Microclimatic variation ; Phenology ; Photoperiod sensitivity ; Pollen
Publicat a:	Agricultural and forest meteorology, Vol. 294 (Nov. 2020) , art. 108140, ISSN 0168-1923

DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108140

Postprint 24 p, 1.2 MB

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