Differential effects of western and mediterranean-type diets on gut microbiota : a metagenomics and metabolomics approach
Barber, Claudia (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Medicina)
Mego Silva, Marianela (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Medicina)
Sabater, Carlos (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias)
Vallejo, Fernando (Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura-CSIC)
Bendezú García, Rogger Álvaro (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Medicina)
Masihy, Marcela (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Medicina)
Guarner, Francisco (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Medicina)
Espín, Juan Carlos (Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura-CSIC)
Margolles, Abelardo (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias)
Azpiroz Vidaur, Fernando (Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron. Institut de Recerca)

Fecha:	2021
Resumen:	Our aim was to determine the effect of diet on gut microbiota, digestive function and sensations, using an integrated clinical, metagenomics and metabolomics approach. We conducted a cross-over, randomised study on the effects of a Western-type diet versus a fibre-enriched Mediterranean diet. In 20 healthy men, each diet was administered for 2 weeks preceded by a 2-week washout diet. The following outcomes were recorded: (a) number of anal gas evacuations; (b) digestive sensations; (c) volume of gas evacuated after a probe meal; (d) colonic content by magnetic resonance imaging; (e) gut microbiota taxonomy and metabolic functions by shotgun sequencing of faecal samples; (f) urinary metabolites using untargeted metabolomics. As compared to a Western diet, the Mediterranean diet was associated with (i) higher number of anal gas evacuations, (ii) sensation of flatulence and borborygmi, (iii) larger volume of gas after the meal and (iv) larger colonic content. Despite the relatively little difference in microbiota composition between both diets, microbial metabolism differed substantially, as shown by urinary metabolite profiles and the abundance of microbial metabolic pathways. The effects of the diet were less evident in individuals with robust microbiotas (higher beta-diversity). To conclude, healthy individuals tolerate dietary changes with minor microbial modifications at the composition level but with remarkable variation in microbial metabolism.
Ayudas:	Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad SAF2016-76648-R Agencia Estatal de Investigación PID2019-103914RB-I00 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación AGL2016-78311-R Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación FJC2019-042125-I
Derechos:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Lengua:	Anglès
Documento:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Materia:	Western-type diet ; Mediterranean-type diet ; Gut microbiota ; Metagenomics ; Metabolomics ; Digestive sensations ; Intestinal gas
Publicado en:	Nutrients, Vol. 13 Núm. 8 (august 2021) , p. 2638, ISSN 2072-6643

DOI: 10.3390/nu13082638
PMID: 34444797

20 p, 22.6 MB

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