The Current Situation Regarding Long-Acting Insulin Analogues Including Biosimilars Among African, Asian, European, and South American Countries; Findings and Implications for the Future
Godman, Brian (Universiti Sains Malaysia)
Haque, Mainul (Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia)
Leong, Trudy (South African National Department of Health)
Allocati, Eleonora (Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS)
Kumar, Santosh (Karnavati University. Department of Periodontology and Implantology)
Islam, Salequl (Jahangirnagar University. Department of Microbiology)
Charan, Jaykaran (All India Institute of Medical Sciences (Nova Delhi, Índia))
Akter, Farhana (Chittagong Medical College)
Kurdi, Amanj (Hawler Medical University)
Vassalo, Carlos (Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas)
Bakar, Muhammed Abu (Chattogram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College)
Rahim, Sagir Abdur (Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes)
Sultana, Nusrat (Bangabandhu Sheik Mujib Medical University Hospital)
Deeba, Farzana (Bangabandhu Sheik Mujib Medical University)
Khan, M. A. Halim (Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital)
Alam, A. B. M. Muksudul (Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital)
Jahan, Iffat (Eastern Medical College (Bangladesh))
Kamal, Zubair Mahmood (National Institute of Mental Health (Bangladesh))
Hasin, Humaira (St Helier University Hospitals)
Murshid, Munzur-E. (Handicap International (Bangladesh). Women's Integrated Sexual Health (WISH))
Nahar, Shamsun (Jahangirnagar University)
Haque, Monami (Human Resource Department Rupayan Center)
Dutta, Siddhartha (All India Institute of Medical Sciences (Nova Delhi, Índia))
Abhayanand, Jha Pallavi (All India Institute of Medical Sciences (Nova Delhi, Índia))
Kaur, Rimple Jeet (All India Institute of Medical Sciences (Nova Delhi, Índia))
Rwegerera, Godfrey Mutashambara (University of Botswana)
do Nascimento, Renata Cristina Rezende Macedo (Federal University of Ouro Preto)
Dias Godói, Isabella Piassi (Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará)
Irfan, Mohammed (Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Faculdade de Odontologia)
Amu, Adefolarin A. (Eswatini Medical Christian University)
Matowa, Patrick (Eswatini Medical Christian University)
Acolatse, Joseph (Cape Coast Teaching Hospital)
Incoom, Robert (Cape Coast Teaching Hospital)
Sefah, Israel Abebrese (Department of Pharmacy Practise University of Health and Allied Sciences)
Acharya, Jitendra (Department of Dentistry, SP Medical College)
Opanga, Sylvia (University of Nairobi)
Njeri, Lisper Wangeci (Kenyatta National Hospital)
Kimonge, David (University of Nairobi)
Kwon, Hye-Young (Mokwon University)
Bae, SeungJin (Ewha Woman's University)
Khuan, Karen Koh Pek (Friends'Pharmacy Pekan Sg Besi 42G)
Abubakar, Abdullahi Rabiu (Bayero University)
Sani, Ibrahim Haruna (Yusuf Maitama Sule University)
Khan, Tanveer Ahmed (National Institute of Health)
Hussain, Shahzad (National Institute of Health)
Saleem, Zikria (The University of Lahore)
Malande, Oliver Ombeva (East Africa Centre for Vaccines and Immunisation)
Piloya-Were, Thereza (Makerere University)
Gambogi, Rosana (National Resources Fund)
Hernandez Ortiz, Carla (National Resources Fund)
Alutuli, Luke (University Teaching Hospital Group. Department of Pharmacy)
Kalungia, Aubrey Chichonyi (University of Zambia)
Hoxha, Iris (University of Medicine)
Marković-Peković, Vanda (University of Banja Luka)
Tubic, Biljana (University of Banja Luka)
Petrova, Guenka (Medical University of Sofia (Sofia, Bulgària))
Tachkov, Konstantin (Medical University of Sofia (Sofia, Bulgària))
Laius, Ott (State Agency of Medicines)
Harsanyi, András (Eotvos Lorand University)
Inotai, András (Semmelweis University. Center of Health Technology Assessment)
Jakupi, Arianit (UBT Higher Education Institute)
Henkuzens, Svens
Garuoliene, Kristina (Vilnius University (Vilnius, Lituània))
Gulbinovič, Jolanta (Vilnius University (Vilnius, Lituània))
Wladysiuk, Magdalena (HTA Consulting)
Rutkowski, Jakub (HTA Consulting)
Mardare, Ileana ("Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest)
Fürst, Jurij (Health Insurance Institute)
McTaggart, Stuart (Public Health Scotland)
MacBride-Stewart, Sean (Greater Glasgow and Clyde)
Pontes García, Caridad (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia)
Zara, Corinne (Servei Català de la Salut)
Tagoe, Eunice Twumwaa (University of Strathclyde)
Banzi, Rita (Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS)
Wale, Janney (Independent Consumer Advocate)
Jakovljevic, Mihajlo (Hosei University Tokyo)

Date:	2021
Abstract:	Background: Diabetes mellitus rates continue to rise, which coupled with increasing costs of associated complications has appreciably increased global expenditure in recent years. The risk of complications are enhanced by poor glycaemic control including hypoglycaemia. Long-acting insulin analogues were developed to reduce hypoglycaemia and improve adherence. Their considerably higher costs though have impacted their funding and use. Biosimilars can help reduce medicine costs. However, their introduction has been affected by a number of factors. These include the originator company dropping its price as well as promoting patented higher strength 300 IU/ml insulin glargine. There can also be concerns with different devices between the manufacturers. Objective: To assess current utilisation rates for insulins, especially long-acting insulin analogues, and the rationale for patterns seen, across multiple countries to inform strategies to enhance future utilisation of long-acting insulin analogue biosimilars to benefit all key stakeholders. Our approach: Multiple approaches including assessing the utilisation, expenditure and prices of insulins, including biosimilar insulin glargine, across multiple continents and countries. Results: There was considerable variation in the use of long-acting insulin analogues as a percentage of all insulins prescribed and dispensed across countries and continents. This ranged from limited use of long-acting insulin analogues among African countries compared to routine funding and use across Europe in view of their perceived benefits. Increasing use was also seen among Asian countries including Bangladesh and India for similar reasons. However, concerns with costs and value limited their use across Africa, Brazil and Pakistan. There was though limited use of biosimilar insulin glargine 100 IU/ml compared with other recent biosimilars especially among European countries and Korea. This was principally driven by small price differences in reality between the originator and biosimilars coupled with increasing use of the patented 300 IU/ml formulation. A number of activities were identified to enhance future biosimilar use. These included only reimbursing biosimilar long-acting insulin analogues, introducing prescribing targets and increasing competition among manufacturers including stimulating local production. Conclusions: There are concerns with the availability and use of insulin glargine biosimilars despite lower costs. This can be addressed by multiple activities.
Rights:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Language:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Subject:	Africa ; Biosimilars ; Cross-national study ; Drug utilisation ; Europe ; Health policy ; Insulin glargine ; Prices
Published in:	Frontiers in Public Health, Vol. 9 (june 2021) , ISSN 2296-2565

DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.671961
PMID: 34249838

21 p, 621.9 KB

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